---
title: The Bishop Oppas with the two princes, who had hitherto kept their b… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The Bishop Oppas with the two princes, who had hitherto kept their bands out of the fight, suddenly went over to the enemy, and turned their weapons upon their astonished countrymen. Who acts: Bishop. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle., wit
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 46

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The Bishop Oppas with the two princes, who had hitherto kept their bands out of the fight, suddenly went over to the enemy, and turned their weapons upon their astonished countrymen.

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**Who acts:** Bishop · **What happens:** keep, go over, turn · **To what, where:** two princes, fight, weapons

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bishop), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:18:46
# text = The Bishop Oppas with the two princes, who had hitherto kept their bands out of the fight, suddenly went over to the enemy, and turned their weapons upon their astonished countrymen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Bishop	Bishop	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
3	Oppas	Oppas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	bands	band	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
20	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
22	over	over	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
31	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
33	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	countrymen	countryman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past · perfect · passive |  | the two princes |  | the fight |  | princes's bands *obj*; hitherto *property* | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme band=Attribute |
| 2 | **go over** | past | the Bishop with the two princes |  |  |  |  | to the enemy; over, suddenly *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **turn** | past | the Bishop with the two princes *not said here* | bands's weapons |  |  |  | upon bands's astonished countrymen | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent weapon=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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