---
title: The carnage of that battle infected the air for two whole months, an… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The carnage of that battle infected the air for two whole months, and bones were seen lying in heaps upon the field for more than forty years; nay, when ages had past and gone, the husbandman, turning up the soil, would still find fragments of Gothic cuirasses and helms, and Moorish scimitars, the r
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., sentence 13

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The carnage of that battle infected the air for two whole months, and bones were seen lying in heaps upon the field for more than forty years; nay, when ages had past and gone, the husbandman, turning up the soil, would still find fragments of Gothic cuirasses and helms, and Moorish scimitars, the relics of that dreadful fight.

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**Who acts:** carnage, bones, husbandman · **What happens:** infect, see, lie, past, go, turn up · **To what, where:** air, bones, heaps, ages, soil, fragments

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (carnage, bones, husbandman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:19:13
# text = The carnage of that battle infected the air for two whole months, and bones were seen lying in heaps upon the field for more than forty years; nay, when ages had past and gone, the husbandman, turning up the soil, would still find fragments of Gothic cuirasses and helms, and Moorish scimitars, the relics of that dreadful fight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carnage	carnage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	infected	infect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
11	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
18	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	xcomp	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
21	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	27	advmod	_	_
26	than	than	ADP	IN	_	25	fixed	_	_
27	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
30	nay	nay	INTJ	UH	_	35	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	35	mark	_	_
33	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj:pass	_	_
34	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	past	past	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	husbandman	husbandman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
42	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	40	acl	_	_
43	up	up	ADP	RP	_	42	compound:prt	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
47	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	49	aux	_	_
48	still	still	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	_
49	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	conj	_	_
50	fragments	fragment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	obj	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	Gothic	gothic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	cuirasses	cuirass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	nmod	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
55	helms	helm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
57	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	59	cc	_	_
58	Moorish	moorish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
59	scimitars	scimitar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
61	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
62	relics	relic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	conj	_	_
63	of	of	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
64	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	66	det	_	_
65	dreadful	dreadful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	66	amod	_	_
66	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **infect** | past | the carnage of that battle | the air |  |  | month | the husbandman *parataxis* | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme air=Destination |
| 2 | **see** | past · passive |  | bones |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lie** | gerund | bones *not said here* |  |  | heaps | year | upon the field | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in heap=Location |
| 4 | **past** | past · perfect · passive |  | ages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **go** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **turn up** | gerund | the husbandman *not said here* | the soil |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location soil=Theme |
| 7 | **find** | would | the carnage of that battle *not said here* | fragments of Gothic cuirasses and helms and Moorish scimitars and the relics of that dreadful fight |  |  | still |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fragment=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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