---
title: The Spanish historians, however, have always denied its identity. — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The Spanish historians, however, have always denied its identity. Who acts: Spanish historians. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., sentence 18

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The Spanish historians, however, have always denied its identity.

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**Who acts:** Spanish historians · **What happens:** deny · **To what, where:** identity

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spanish historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:19:18
# text = The Spanish historians, however, have always denied its identity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	historians	historian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	however	however	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	_
9	denied	deny	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	identity	identity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deny** | present · perfect | the Spanish historians | head's identity |  |  |  | always, however *property* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent identity=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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