---
title: It was said, that having from a rising ground caught a view of the w… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: It was said, that having from a rising ground caught a view of the whole field of battle, and seen that the day was lost, and his army flying in all directions, he likewise sought his safety in flight. Who acts: that, rising ground, army. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washingto
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., sentence 25

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It was said, that having from a rising ground caught a view of the whole field of battle, and seen that the day was lost, and his army flying in all directions, he likewise sought his safety in flight.

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**Who acts:** that, rising ground, army · **What happens:** say, have, rise, catch, see, lose · **To what, where:** rumour, view, day, directions, safety, flight · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, rising ground, army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:19:25
# text = It was said, that having from a rising ground caught a view of the whole field of battle, and seen that the day was lost, and his army flying in all directions, he likewise sought his safety in flight.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
6	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	amod	_	_
10	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
32	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	31	acl	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	35	det	_	_
35	directions	direction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
38	likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	sought	seek	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
40	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | rumour |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **rise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **catch** | past | a rising ground | a view of the whole field of battle |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent view=Theme |
| 5 | **see** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **lose** | past · passive |  | the day |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 7 | **fly** | gerund | ground's army *not said here* |  |  | all directions |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in direction=Location |
| 8 | **seek** | past | ground's army | ground's safety |  | flight |  | ground *nsubj*; likewise *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent safety=Theme in flight=Location |
| 9 | **view** |  |  | the whole field of battle |  |  |  |  | nom view «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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