---
title: The gaunt Arab was as a wolf roaming through the fold he had laid wa… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The gaunt Arab was as a wolf roaming through the fold he had laid waste. Who acts: gaunt Arab, wolf, Christian. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., sentence 3

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The gaunt Arab was as a wolf roaming through the fold he had laid waste.

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**Who acts:** gaunt Arab, wolf, Christian · **What happens:** be, roam, lay · **To what, where:** fold, waste

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gaunt Arab, wolf, Christian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:19:3
# text = The gaunt Arab was as a wolf roaming through the fold he had laid waste.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gaunt	gaunt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Arab	Arab	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	roaming	roam	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fold	fold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the gaunt Arab |  |  |  |  | as a wolf | tree rules |
| 2 | **roam** | gerund | a wolf *not said here* |  |  | the fold |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through fold=Trajectory |
| 3 | **lay** | past · perfect | Christian | waste |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent waste=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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