---
title: At length, when generation after generation had sunk into the grave,… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: At length, when generation after generation had sunk into the grave, and near two centuries had passed and gone, traces were said to be discovered that threw a light on the final fortunes of the unfortunate Roderick. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., sentence 33

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At length, when generation after generation had sunk into the grave, and near two centuries had passed and gone, traces were said to be discovered that threw a light on the final fortunes of the unfortunate Roderick.

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**What happens:** sink, pass, go, say, discover, throw · **To what, where:** generation, grave, traces, length, light, final fortunes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:19:33
# text = At length, when generation after generation had sunk into the grave, and near two centuries had passed and gone, traces were said to be discovered that threw a light on the final fortunes of the unfortunate Roderick.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
5	generation	generation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	generation	generation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	sunk	sink	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
15	near	near	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
23	traces	trace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
27	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	discovered	discover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	xcomp	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
30	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	ccomp	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	on	on	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	fortunes	fortune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	unfortunate	unfortunate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	Roderick	Roderick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | past · perfect · passive |  | generation after generation |  | the grave |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **pass** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  | century |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | traces |  | length |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **discover** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: clause=Topic |
| 6 | **throw** | past |  | a light |  | the final fortunes of the unfortunate Roderick |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent light=Theme on fortune=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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