---
title: There were massy chains, and rare jewels of gold; pearls and preciou… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: There were massy chains, and rare jewels of gold; pearls and precious stones; rich silks and brocades, and all other luxurious decorations in which the Gothic nobles had indulged in the latter times of their degeneracy. Who acts: massy chains. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Wash
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., sentence 9

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There were massy chains, and rare jewels of gold; pearls and precious stones; rich silks and brocades, and all other luxurious decorations in which the Gothic nobles had indulged in the latter times of their degeneracy.

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**Who acts:** massy chains · **What happens:** be, indulge · **To what, where:** Gothic nobles, other luxurious decorations

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (massy chains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:19:9
# text = There were massy chains, and rare jewels of gold; pearls and precious stones; rich silks and brocades, and all other luxurious decorations in which the Gothic nobles had indulged in the latter times of their degeneracy.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	massy	massy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	chains	chain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	jewels	jewel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	pearls	pearl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	silks	silk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	brocades	brocade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	26	det	_	_
24	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	luxurious	luxurious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	decorations	decoration	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	33	obl	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	Gothic	gothic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	nobles	noble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj:pass	_	_
32	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	indulged	indulge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	acl:relcl	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	degeneracy	degeneracy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | massy chains  rare jewels of gold |  |  | there |  | pearls and precious stones *nsubj*; rich silks and brocades and all other luxurious decorations *parataxis* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **indulge** | past · perfect · passive |  | the Gothic nobles |  | all other luxurious decorations | time |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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