---
title: Spain, or Iberia, as it was called in ancient days, has been a count… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Spain, or Iberia, as it was called in ancient days, has been a country harassed from the earliest times by the invader. Who acts: Iberia, Spain. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., with its 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 1

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Spain, or Iberia, as it was called in ancient days, has been a country harassed from the earliest times by the invader.

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**Who acts:** Iberia, Spain · **What happens:** call, be, harass · **To what, where:** it, country · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iberia, Spain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:2:1
# text = Spain, or Iberia, as it was called in ancient days, has been a country harassed from the earliest times by the invader.
1	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Iberia	Iberia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
14	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
18	harassed	harass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	earliest	early	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	22	amod	_	_
22	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	invader	invader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive | Iberia *not said here* | it |  |  | day |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | present · perfect | Spain or Iberia | a country |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **harass** | participle |  | a country *not said here* |  |  | time | by the invader | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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