--- title: So addicted were they to war that, when they had no external foes to… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics description: So addicted were they to war that, when they had no external foes to contend with, they fought with one another; and, when engaged in battle, says an old chronicler, the very thunders and lightnings of heaven could not separate them. Who acts: Spaniards, old chronicler, heaven. A sentence of «Legend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/2/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—o…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/2/) / 10 # Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 10 So addicted were they to war that, when they had no external foes to contend with, they fought with one another; and, when engaged in battle, says an old chronicler, the very thunders and lightnings of heaven could not separate them. **Who acts:** Spaniards, old chronicler, heaven · **What happens:** addict, be, have, contend, fight, engage · **To what, where:** Spaniards, external foes, one, battle · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spaniards, old chronicler, heaven), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg77685:2:10 # text = So addicted were they to war that, when they had no external foes to contend with, they fought with one another; and, when engaged in battle, says an old chronicler, the very thunders and lightnings of heaven could not separate them. 1 So so ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 addicted addict VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl:agent _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 7 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 11 advmod _ _ 10 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 12 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 14 det _ _ 13 external external ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 foes foe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 contend contend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 acl _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 16 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 fought fight VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 21 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 20 obj _ _ 23 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 22 fixed _ SpaceAfter=No 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 28 advmod _ _ 28 engaged engage VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 conj _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 battle battle NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 parataxis _ _ 33 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 chronicler chronicler NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 very very ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 thunders thunder NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 conj _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 lightnings lightning NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 conj _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 heaven heaven NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nmod _ _ 44 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 46 aux _ _ 45 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 46 advmod _ _ 46 separate separate VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 ccomp _ _ 47 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 48 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **addict** | participle | | | | | | | vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** | past | | Spaniards *= spaniard* | | | | to war that | tree rules | | 3 | **have** | past | Spaniards *= spaniard* | no external foes | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foe=Patient | | 4 | **contend** | to-infinitive | Spaniards *= spaniard* *not said here* | no external foes *not said here* | | | | | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **fight** | past | Spaniards *= spaniard* | one | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Co-Agent | | 6 | **engage** | participle | Spaniards *= spaniard* *not said here* | | | | | in battle *goal* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in battle=Goal | | 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **not** **separate** | could | a old chronicler and the thunders of heaven and lightnings | Spaniards *= spaniard* | | | | | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 9 | **thunder** | | heaven | | | | | | nom thunder «event intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/2/9/) - next →: [sentence 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/2/11/) - ↑ back to [Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/2/)