---
title: The bishops and other clergy were exemplary in their lives, and aide… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The bishops and other clergy were exemplary in their lives, and aided to promote the influence of the laws and maintain the authority of the state. Who acts: bishops. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 18

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The bishops and other clergy were exemplary in their lives, and aided to promote the influence of the laws and maintain the authority of the state.

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**Who acts:** bishops · **What happens:** be, aid, promote, maintain · **To what, where:** lives, influence, authority

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bishops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:2:18
# text = The bishops and other clergy were exemplary in their lives, and aided to promote the influence of the laws and maintain the authority of the state.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bishops	bishop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	clergy	clergy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	exemplary	exemplary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	aided	aid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	promote	promote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	maintain	maintain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	authority	authority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the bishops and other clergy |  |  | bishops's lives |  | exemplary *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **aid** | past | the bishops and other clergy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **promote** | to-infinitive | the bishops and other clergy *not said here* | the influence of the laws |  |  |  |  | vn promote-102 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent influence=Theme |
| 4 | **maintain** | present | the bishops and other clergy *not said here* | the authority of the state |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent authority=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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