---
title: The beginning of his reign gave promise of happy days to Spain. — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The beginning of his reign gave promise of happy days to Spain. Who acts: beginning. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 21

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The beginning of his reign gave promise of happy days to Spain.

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**Who acts:** beginning · **What happens:** give, begin, promise · **To what, where:** promise, reign, happy days

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beginning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:2:21
# text = The beginning of his reign gave promise of happy days to Spain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	reign	reign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the beginning of beginning's reign | promise of happy days to Spain |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme |
| 2 | **begin** |  |  | beginning's reign |  |  |  |  | nom beginning «event transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **promise** |  |  | happy days to Spain |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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