---
title: Witiza, now considering himself secure upon the throne, gave the rei… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Witiza, now considering himself secure upon the throne, gave the reins to his licentious passions; and soon, by his tyranny and sensuality, acquired the appellation of Witiza the Wicked. Who acts: Witiza. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitan
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 30

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Witiza, now considering himself secure upon the throne, gave the reins to his licentious passions; and soon, by his tyranny and sensuality, acquired the appellation of Witiza the Wicked.

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**Who acts:** Witiza · **What happens:** consider, secure, give, acquire · **To what, where:** Witiza, reins, licentious passions, appellation

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Witiza), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:2:30
# text = Witiza, now considering himself secure upon the throne, gave the reins to his licentious passions; and soon, by his tyranny and sensuality, acquired the appellation of Witiza the Wicked.
1	Witiza	Witiza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
4	considering	consider	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
5	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	secure	secure	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	throne	throne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	reins	rein	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	licentious	licentious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	passions	passion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
20	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	tyranny	tyranny	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	sensuality	sensuality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
28	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	appellation	appellation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Witiza	Witiza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	Wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consider** | gerund | Witiza *not said here* | Witiza |  |  | now |  | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent himself=Attribute |
| 2 | **secure** | infinitive | Witiza |  |  |  |  | upon the throne | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **give** | past | Witiza *not said here* | the reins | Witiza's licentious passions |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent rein=Theme to passion=Recipient |
| 4 | **acquire** | past |  | the appellation of Witiza |  |  |  | by Witiza's tyranny and sensuality; soon *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset appellation=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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