---
title: The Jews had been banished from the country during the preceding rei… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The Jews had been banished from the country during the preceding reign, but Witiza permitted them to return, and even bestowed upon their synagogues privileges of which he had despoiled the churches. Who acts: Witiza. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Anci
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 42

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The Jews had been banished from the country during the preceding reign, but Witiza permitted them to return, and even bestowed upon their synagogues privileges of which he had despoiled the churches.

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**Who acts:** Witiza · **What happens:** banish, precede, permit, return, bestow, despoil · **To what, where:** Jews, country, churches

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Witiza), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:2:42
# text = The Jews had been banished from the country during the preceding reign, but Witiza permitted them to return, and even bestowed upon their synagogues privileges of which he had despoiled the churches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	banished	banish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	during	during	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	preceding	precede	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	reign	reign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	Witiza	Witiza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	permitted	permit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	even	even	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	bestowed	bestow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
24	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	synagogues	synagogue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	compound	_	_
27	privileges	privilege	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	32	obl	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	despoiled	despoil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	27	acl:relcl	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **banish** | past · perfect · passive |  | the Jews |  | the country | during the preceding reign |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from country=Source |
| 2 | **precede** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **permit** | past | Witiza | Jews *= jew* |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer they=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **return** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Witiza *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **bestow** | participle | Witiza *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon synagogues privileges | tree rules |
| 6 | **despoil** | past · perfect | Witiza | the churches |  |  |  | of synagogues privileges | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent church=Source of which=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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