---
title: The children of Israel, ever since the time when they borrowed the j… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The children of Israel, ever since the time when they borrowed the jewels of gold and the jewels of silver from their neighbours, on preparing for their memorable flight out of Egypt, have been curious dealers in gold and silver and precious stones: on this occasion, therefore, they were enabled, it
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 43

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The children of Israel, ever since the time when they borrowed the jewels of gold and the jewels of silver from their neighbours, on preparing for their memorable flight out of Egypt, have been curious dealers in gold and silver and precious stones: on this occasion, therefore, they were enabled, it is said, to repay the monarch for his protection by bags of money, and caskets of sparkling gems, the rich product of their oriental commerce.

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**Who acts:** children, Witiza · **What happens:** borrow, prepare, be, enable, say, repay · **To what, where:** jewels, neighbours, curious dealers, gold, children, silver · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, Witiza), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:2:43
# text = The children of Israel, ever since the time when they borrowed the jewels of gold and the jewels of silver from their neighbours, on preparing for their memorable flight out of Egypt, have been curious dealers in gold and silver and precious stones: on this occasion, therefore, they were enabled, it is said, to repay the monarch for his protection by bags of money, and caskets of sparkling gems, the rich product of their oriental commerce.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	9	advmod	_	_
7	since	since	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	jewels	jewel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	jewels	jewel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
27	preparing	prepare	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	advcl	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
30	memorable	memorable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	out	out	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
36	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
37	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	39	cop	_	_
38	curious	curious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	dealers	dealer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	conj	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
45	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	50	punct	_	_
48	on	on	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	50	det	_	_
50	occasion	occasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
52	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	56	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
54	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	nsubj	_	_
55	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	56	aux:pass	_	_
56	enabled	enable	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	50	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
58	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	60	nsubj	_	_
59	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	60	aux:pass	_	_
60	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	56	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
62	to	to	PART	TO	_	63	mark	_	_
63	repay	repay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	60	conj	_	_
64	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	65	det	_	_
65	monarch	monarch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	obj	_	_
66	for	for	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
67	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	68	nmod:poss	_	_
68	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	obl	_	_
69	by	by	ADP	IN	_	70	case	_	_
70	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	63	obl	_	_
71	of	of	ADP	IN	_	72	case	_	_
72	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	70	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	75	punct	_	_
74	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	75	cc	_	_
75	caskets	casket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	conj	_	_
76	of	of	ADP	IN	_	78	case	_	_
77	sparkling	sparkling	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	78	amod	_	_
78	gems	gem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	75	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
79	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	82	punct	_	_
80	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	82	det	_	_
81	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	82	amod	_	_
82	product	product	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	conj	_	_
83	of	of	ADP	IN	_	86	case	_	_
84	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	86	nmod:poss	_	_
85	oriental	oriental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	86	amod	_	_
86	commerce	commerce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	82	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	39	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | past | children *= child* | the jewels of gold and the jewels of silver |  | jewels's neighbours |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent jewel=Theme from neighbour=Source |
| 2 | **prepare** | gerund | children *= child* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for jewels's memorable flight out Egypt | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for flight=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **is a** | present · perfect | the children of Israel | curious dealers and this occasion and caskets of sparkling gems and the rich product of children's oriental commerce |  | gold and silver and precious stones |  | this occasion and caskets of sparkling gems and the rich product of children's oriental commerce *conj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **enable** | past · passive |  | children *= child* |  |  |  | therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | silver |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 6 | **repay** | to-infinitive |  | the monarch |  |  |  | for Witiza's protection; by bags of money | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent monarch=Asset for protection=Theme |
| 7 | **protect** |  | Witiza |  |  |  |  |  | nom protection «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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