---
title: Issuing secret orders, therefore, in all directions, he dismantled m… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Issuing secret orders, therefore, in all directions, he dismantled most of the cities, and demolished the castles and fortresses that might serve as rallying points for the factious. Who acts: Witiza, castles. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inha
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 46

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Issuing secret orders, therefore, in all directions, he dismantled most of the cities, and demolished the castles and fortresses that might serve as rallying points for the factious.

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**Who acts:** Witiza, castles · **What happens:** issue, dismantle, demolish, serve · **To what, where:** secret orders, directions, most, castles

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Witiza, castles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:2:46
# text = Issuing secret orders, therefore, in all directions, he dismantled most of the cities, and demolished the castles and fortresses that might serve as rallying points for the factious.
1	Issuing	issue	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
2	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	orders	order	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	directions	direction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	dismantled	dismantle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	demolished	demolish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	castles	castle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	fortresses	fortress	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
25	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	acl:relcl	_	_
27	as	as	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	rallying	rallying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	factious	factious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **issue** | gerund | Witiza *not said here* | secret orders |  | all directions |  | therefore *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location order=Theme |
| 2 | **dismantle** | past | Witiza | most of the cities |  |  |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Patient |
| 3 | **demolish** | past | Witiza *not said here* | the castles and fortresses |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus castle=Experiencer |
| 4 | **serve** | might | the castles and fortresses |  |  |  |  | as rallying points for the factious | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as point=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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