---
title: In the fifth century the Goths, who were then the allies of Rome, un… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: In the fifth century the Goths, who were then the allies of Rome, undertook the reconquest of Iberia, and succeeded, after a desperate struggle of three years’ duration. Who acts: Goths, three years. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 5

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In the fifth century the Goths, who were then the allies of Rome, undertook the reconquest of Iberia, and succeeded, after a desperate struggle of three years’ duration.

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**Who acts:** Goths, three years · **What happens:** be, undertake, succeed, struggle · **To what, where:** allies, reconquest

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Goths, three years), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:2:5
# text = In the fifth century the Goths, who were then the allies of Rome, undertook the reconquest of Iberia, and succeeded, after a desperate struggle of three years’ duration.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	fifth	fifth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Goths	Goth	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	allies	ally	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
16	undertook	undertake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	reconquest	reconquest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Iberia	Iberia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	succeeded	succeed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	after	after	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	desperate	desperate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	struggle	struggle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	31	nummod	_	_
31	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	’	's	PART	POS	_	31	case	_	_
33	duration	duration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Goths | the allies |  |  | then | of Rome | tree rules |
| 2 | **undertake** | past | the Goths | the reconquest of Iberia |  |  | century |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reconquest=Eventuality |
| 3 | **succeed** | past | the Goths *not said here* |  |  |  | after a desperate struggle of three years and duration |  | vn succeed-74-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **struggle** |  | three years |  |  |  |  |  | nom struggle «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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