---
title: The altars were abandoned, the churches closed, wide disorder and se… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The altars were abandoned, the churches closed, wide disorder and sensuality prevailed throughout the land; so that, according to the old chroniclers, within the compass of a few short years, “Witiza the Wicked taught all Spain to sin.” Who acts: wide disorder, old chroniclers. A sentence of «Legend
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 50

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The altars were abandoned, the churches closed, wide disorder and sensuality prevailed throughout the land; so that, according to the old chroniclers, within the compass of a few short years, “Witiza the Wicked taught all Spain to sin.”

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**Who acts:** wide disorder, old chroniclers · **What happens:** abandon, close, prevail, accord, teach, sin · **To what, where:** altars, land, Spain

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wide disorder, old chroniclers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:2:50
# text = The altars were abandoned, the churches closed, wide disorder and sensuality prevailed throughout the land; so that, according to the old chroniclers, within the compass of a few short years, “Witiza the Wicked taught all Spain to sin.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	altars	altar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	abandoned	abandon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	disorder	disorder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	sensuality	sensuality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	prevailed	prevail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
15	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
19	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	case	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	fixed	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	chroniclers	chronicler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	within	within	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	compass	compass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
33	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
34	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	Witiza	Witiza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	Wicked	Wicked	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	appos	_	_
41	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
42	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	43	det	_	_
43	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	obj	_	_
44	to	to	PART	TO	_	45	mark	_	_
45	sin	sin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abandon** | past · passive |  | the altars |  |  |  | the churches *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **close** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **prevail** | past | wide disorder and sensuality |  |  | the land |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme throughout land=Location |
| 4 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **teach** *speech: other* *in a quote* | past | the old chroniclers  Witiza and the compass of a few short years |  | all Spain |  |  | so that | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent spain=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **sin** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | the old chroniclers  Witiza and the compass of a few short years *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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