---
title: They drove before them the barbarous hordes, their predecessors; int… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: They drove before them the barbarous hordes, their predecessors; intermarried and incorporated themselves with the original inhabitants; and founded a powerful and splendid empire, comprising the Iberian peninsula, the ancient Narbonnaise, afterwards called Gallia Gotica, or Gothic Gaul, and a part 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 6

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They drove before them the barbarous hordes, their predecessors; intermarried and incorporated themselves with the original inhabitants; and founded a powerful and splendid empire, comprising the Iberian peninsula, the ancient Narbonnaise, afterwards called Gallia Gotica, or Gothic Gaul, and a part of the African coast called Tingitania.

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**Who acts:** Goths · **What happens:** drive, intermarry, incorporate, found, comprise, call · **To what, where:** Goths, powerful empire, Iberian peninsula, ancient Narbonnaise, part · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Goths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:2:6
# text = They drove before them the barbarous hordes, their predecessors; intermarried and incorporated themselves with the original inhabitants; and founded a powerful and splendid empire, comprising the Iberian peninsula, the ancient Narbonnaise, afterwards called Gallia Gotica, or Gothic Gaul, and a part of the African coast called Tingitania.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	before	before	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	barbarous	barbarous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hordes	horde	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	predecessors	predecessor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	intermarried	intermarry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	incorporated	incorporate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
15	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	14	obj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	founded	found	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	splendid	splendid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	_
27	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	comprising	comprise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	Iberian	iberian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	peninsula	peninsula	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	Narbonnaise	narbonnaise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	afterwards	afterwards	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	acl	_	_
40	Gallia	Gallia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	xcomp	_	_
41	Gotica	Gotica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
43	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	Gothic	gothic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	Gaul	Gaul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
48	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	nsubj:pass	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	_
54	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	parataxis	_	_
55	Tingitania	Tingitania	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | Goths *= goth* |  |  |  | before struggle |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **intermarry** | participle | Goths *= goth* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **incorporate** | participle | Goths *= goth* *not said here* | Goths *= goth* |  |  |  | with the original inhabitants | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient with inhabitant=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **found** | past | Goths *= goth* *not said here* | a powerful empire |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent empire=Patient |
| 5 | **comprise** | gerund | Goths *= goth* *not said here* | the Iberian peninsula |  |  |  | the ancient Narbonnaise *obl*; Gothic Gaul *obj* | tree rules |
| 6 | **call** | participle |  | the ancient Narbonnaise *not said here* |  |  |  | Gallia *xcomp*; afterwards *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **call** | participle · passive |  | a part of the African coast |  |  |  | Tingitania *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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