---
title: “History,” says the worthy Don Pedro de Roxas, “is full of accounts… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: “History,” says the worthy Don Pedro de Roxas, “is full of accounts that the magi taught and performed their magic and their superstitious rites in profound caves and secret places; because, as this art of the devil was prohibited from the very origin of Christianity, they always sought for hidden p
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 10

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“History,” says the worthy Don Pedro de Roxas, “is full of accounts that the magi taught and performed their magic and their superstitious rites in profound caves and secret places; because, as this art of the devil was prohibited from the very origin of Christianity, they always sought for hidden places in which to practise it.”

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**Who acts:** History, magi, caves · **What happens:** say, be, teach, perform, prohibit, seek · **To what, where:** accounts, magic, art, origin, hidden places · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (History, magi, caves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:21:10
# text = “History,” says the worthy Don Pedro de Roxas, “is full of accounts that the magi taught and performed their magic and their superstitious rites in profound caves and secret places; because, as this art of the devil was prohibited from the very origin of Christianity, they always sought for hidden places in which to practise it.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	History	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	worthy	worthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Don	Don	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
9	Pedro	Pedro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
11	Roxas	Roxas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	accounts	account	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	obj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	magi	magus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	performed	perform	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
28	superstitious	superstitious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	rites	rite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	profound	profound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
37	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	as	as	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	41	det	_	_
41	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj:pass	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	devil	devil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
45	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	aux:pass	_	_
46	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
47	from	from	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
49	very	very	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
50	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	Christianity	Christianity	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
54	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	nsubj	_	_
55	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	56	advmod	_	_
56	sought	seek	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
57	for	for	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	hidden	hidden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
59	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	56	obl	_	_
60	in	in	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
61	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	63	obl	_	_
62	to	to	PART	TO	_	63	mark	_	_
63	practise	practise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	59	acl:relcl	_	_
64	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	63	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	63	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	56	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | History |  |  |  |  | the worthy Don *nsubj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  | of accounts; full *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **teach** *speech: other* *in a quote* | past | the magi | accounts |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent that=Recipient |
| 4 | **perform** *in a quote* | past | the magi *not said here* | magi's magic |  |  |  | magi's superstitious rites in profound caves and secret places *conj* | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent magic=Theme |
| 5 | **prohibit** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | this art of the devil |  | the origin of Christianity |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Beneficiary from origin=Eventuality |
| 6 | **seek** *in a quote* | past | caves *= cave* |  |  |  |  | for hidden places; always *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for place=Theme |
| 7 | **practise** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | caves *= cave* *not said here* | magic |  | hidden places |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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