--- title: This ancient city, which dates its existence almost from the time of… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics description: This ancient city, which dates its existence almost from the time of the flood, claiming as its founder Tubal, the son of Japhet, and grandson of Noah[28], has been the warrior hold of many generations, and a strange diversity of races. Who acts: ancient city, city. A sentence of «Legends of the con --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [The Cave of Hercules.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/) / 2 # Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 2 This ancient city, which dates its existence almost from the time of the flood, claiming as its founder Tubal, the son of Japhet, and grandson of Noah\[28\], has been the warrior hold of many generations, and a strange diversity of races. **Who acts:** ancient city, city · **What happens:** date, claim, be, exist · **To what, where:** existence, warrior hold This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancient city, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg77685:21:2 # text = This ancient city, which dates its existence almost from the time of the flood, claiming as its founder Tubal, the son of Japhet, and grandson of Noah[28], has been the warrior hold of many generations, and a strange diversity of races. 1 This this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ _ 2 ancient ancient ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 6 dates date VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 7 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 existence existence NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 almost almost ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 10 from from ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 flood flood NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 claiming claim VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 advcl _ _ 18 as as ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 founder founder NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod:desc _ _ 21 Tubal Tubal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 appos _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 Japhet Japhet PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 grandson grandson NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 Noah Noah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 32 [ [ PUNCT -LRB- _ 33 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 33 28 28 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 29 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 34 ] ] PUNCT -RRB- _ 33 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 36 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 37 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 40 cop _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 warrior warrior ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 hold hold NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 generations generation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 44 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 46 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 47 strange strange ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 diversity diversity NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 conj _ _ 49 of of ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 50 races race NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 51 . . PUNCT . _ 40 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **date** | present | this ancient city and grandson of Noah | city's existence | | | time | | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent existence=Co-Agent | | 2 | **claim** *speech: other* | gerund | this ancient city and grandson of Noah *not said here* | | | | | as Tubal city's founder | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is a** | present · perfect | this ancient city and grandson of Noah | the warrior hold and a strange diversity of races | | | of many generations | a strange diversity of races *conj* | tree rules | | 4 | **exist** | | city | | | | | | nom existence «state intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/1/) - next →: [sentence 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/3/) - ↑ back to [The Cave of Hercules.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/)