---
title: By this time their hearts were so chilled they could not seek any ot… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: By this time their hearts were so chilled they could not seek any other passage by which they might advance; so they turned back and hastened out of the cave. Who acts: time, hearts. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules., with its dependency tre
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 23

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By this time their hearts were so chilled they could not seek any other passage by which they might advance; so they turned back and hastened out of the cave.

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**Who acts:** time, hearts · **What happens:** chill, not seek, advance, turn back, hasten · **To what, where:** hearts, other passage, cave

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time, hearts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:21:23
# text = By this time their hearts were so chilled they could not seek any other passage by which they might advance; so they turned back and hastened out of the cave.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	chilled	chill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	seek	seek	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
13	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	det	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	obl	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	advance	advance	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
25	back	back	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	hastened	hasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	conj	_	_
28	out	out	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chill** | past · passive | this time *not said here* | table's hearts |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **seek** | could | hearts *= heart* | any other passage |  |  | time |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passage=Theme |
| 3 | **advance** | might | hearts *= heart* |  |  |  |  | by any other passage | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **turn back** | past | hearts *= heart* |  |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **hasten** | participle | hearts *= heart* *not said here* |  |  | the cave |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out cave=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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