---
title: Alonzo Telles de Meneses, in his history of the world, records, that… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Alonzo Telles de Meneses, in his history of the world, records, that not long before his time a boy of Toledo, being threatened with punishment by his master, fled and took refuge in this cave. Who acts: master, boy. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 26

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Alonzo Telles de Meneses, in his history of the world, records, that not long before his time a boy of Toledo, being threatened with punishment by his master, fled and took refuge in this cave.

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**Who acts:** master, boy · **What happens:** threaten, flee, take · **To what, where:** boy, time, refuge, cave, Alonzo

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (master, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:21:26
# text = Alonzo Telles de Meneses, in his history of the world, records, that not long before his time a boy of Toledo, being threatened with punishment by his master, fled and took refuge in this cave.
1	Alonzo	Alonzo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Telles	Telles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	Meneses	Meneses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	records	record	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
18	before	before	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Toledo	Toledo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	threatened	threaten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
30	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	conj	_	_
37	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	40	det	_	_
40	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **threaten** | gerund · passive | several's master | a boy of Toledo *not said here* |  |  |  | with punishment | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **flee** | past | a boy of Toledo | several's time *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme time=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **take** | past | a boy of Toledo *not said here* | refuge |  | this cave |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent refuge=Value in cave=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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