---
title: At the approach of any one, he shows his teeth, and makes a hideous… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: At the approach of any one, he shows his teeth, and makes a hideous growling; but no adventurer after wealth has had courage to brave a contest with this terrific cerberus. Who acts: dog, adventurer, one. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules., w
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 30

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At the approach of any one, he shows his teeth, and makes a hideous growling; but no adventurer after wealth has had courage to brave a contest with this terrific cerberus.

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**Who acts:** dog, adventurer, one · **What happens:** show, make, have, approach · **To what, where:** teeth, approach, hideous growling, courage

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dog, adventurer, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:21:30
# text = At the approach of any one, he shows his teeth, and makes a hideous growling; but no adventurer after wealth has had courage to brave a contest with this terrific cerberus.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	approach	approach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	hideous	hideous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	growling	growling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
20	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	21	det	_	_
21	adventurer	adventurer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
22	after	after	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	parataxis	_	_
26	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	xcomp	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	contest	contest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	34	det	_	_
33	terrific	terrific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	cerberus	cerberus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | dog | dog's teeth |  | the approach of any one |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tooth=Recipient |
| 2 | **make** | present | dog *not said here* | a hideous growling |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset growling=Product |
| 3 | **have** | present · perfect | no adventurer after wealth | courage |  |  |  | brave *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Patient |
| 4 | **approach** |  | any one |  |  |  |  |  | nom approach «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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