---
title: Hearing the story of this cave, he determined to venture alone in se… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Hearing the story of this cave, he determined to venture alone in search of the treasure. Who acts: contest. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 32

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Hearing the story of this cave, he determined to venture alone in search of the treasure.

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**Who acts:** contest · **What happens:** hear, determine, venture, search · **To what, where:** story, search, treasure

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (contest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:21:32
# text = Hearing the story of this cave, he determined to venture alone in search of the treasure.
1	Hearing	hear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	determined	determine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	venture	venture	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	alone	alone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	search	search	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | gerund | contest *not said here* | the story of this cave |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus |
| 2 | **determine** | past | contest |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **venture** | to-infinitive | contest *not said here* |  |  | search of the treasure |  | alone *property* | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **search** |  |  | the treasure |  |  |  |  | nom search «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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