---
title: He reached his home overcome with affright; several hours elapsed be… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: He reached his home overcome with affright; several hours elapsed before he could recover speech to tell his story, and he died on the following day. Who acts: contest, home. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules., with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 39

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He reached his home overcome with affright; several hours elapsed before he could recover speech to tell his story, and he died on the following day.

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**Who acts:** contest, home · **What happens:** reach, overcome, elapse, recover, tell, die · **To what, where:** several hours, speech, story · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (contest, home), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:21:39
# text = He reached his home overcome with affright; several hours elapsed before he could recover speech to tell his story, and he died on the following day.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	overcome	overcome	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	affright	affright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	elapsed	elapse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	recover	recover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
16	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	acl	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	28	amod	_	_
28	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | contest |  |  |  | hour |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **overcome** | present | contest's home |  |  |  |  | with affright | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **elapse** | participle |  | several hours *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **recover** | could | contest | speech |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speech=Theme |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | contest *not said here* | contest's story |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |
| 6 | **die** | past | contest |  |  |  | day |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 7 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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