---
title: Here, too, it is said, he read magic to his followers, and taught th… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Here, too, it is said, he read magic to his followers, and taught them those supernatural arts by which he accomplished his vast achievements. Who acts: Mendoza. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 44

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Here, too, it is said, he read magic to his followers, and taught them those supernatural arts by which he accomplished his vast achievements.

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**Who acts:** Mendoza · **What happens:** say, read, teach, accomplish, achieve · **To what, where:** cardinal, magic, followers, supernatural arts, vast achievements · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mendoza), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:21:44
# text = Here, too, it is said, he read magic to his followers, and taught them those supernatural arts by which he accomplished his vast achievements.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
11	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	followers	follower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
20	supernatural	supernatural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	arts	art	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	obl	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	accomplished	accomplish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
27	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	achievements	achievement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | cardinal |  | here |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | past | Mendoza | magic | Mendoza's followers |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent magic=Topic to follower=Recipient |
| 3 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | Mendoza *not said here* | that supernatural arts | followers *= follower* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient art=Topic |
| 4 | **accomplish** | past | Mendoza | Mendoza's vast achievements |  |  |  | by that supernatural arts | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent achievement=Eventuality |
| 5 | **achieve** |  | Mendoza |  |  |  |  |  | nom achievement «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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