---
title: [1] Many of the facts in this legend are taken from an old chronicle… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: [1] Many of the facts in this legend are taken from an old chronicle, written in quaint and antiquated Spanish, and professing to be a translation from the Arabian chronicle of the Moor Rasis, by Mohammed, a Moslem writer, and Gil Parez, a Spanish priest. Who acts: Mohammed. A sentence of «Legends o
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 53

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\[1\] Many of the facts in this legend are taken from an old chronicle, written in quaint and antiquated Spanish, and professing to be a translation from the Arabian chronicle of the Moor Rasis, by Mohammed, a Moslem writer, and Gil Parez, a Spanish priest.

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**Who acts:** Mohammed · **What happens:** take, write, antiquate, profess, be, chronicle · **To what, where:** Many, old chronicle, quaint, translation, Arabian chronicle, Moor Rasis

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mohammed), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:21:53
# text = [1] Many of the facts in this legend are taken from an old chronicle, written in quaint and antiquated Spanish, and professing to be a translation from the Arabian chronicle of the Moor Rasis, by Mohammed, a Moslem writer, and Gil Parez, a Spanish priest.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	1	1	NUM	LS	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	legend	legend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	chronicle	chronicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	quaint	quaint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	antiquated	antiquate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
23	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	professing	profess	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
28	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	cop	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	ccomp	_	_
31	from	from	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	Arabian	Arabian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	chronicle	chronicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	Moor	Moor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	Rasis	Rasis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	by	by	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	Mohammed	Mohammed	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
43	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	Moslem	Moslem	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	Gil	Gil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
49	Parez	Parez	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
51	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present · passive | Mohammed | Many of the facts in this legend |  | a old chronicle |  | Gil *obl*; 1 *discourse* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from chronicle=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  | a old chronicle *not said here* |  | quaint |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in quaint=Destination |
| 3 | **antiquate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | Spanish *obl:agent* | tree rules |
| 4 | **profess** | gerund | Mohammed *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | to-infinitive | Mohammed *not said here* | a translation |  | the Arabian chronicle of the Moor Rasis |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **chronicle** |  |  | the Moor Rasis |  |  |  |  | nom chronicle «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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