---
title: Some have supposed these secret caves and vaults to have been places… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Some have supposed these secret caves and vaults to have been places of concealment of the inhabitants and their treasure, during times of war and violence; or rude temples for the performance of religious ceremonies in times of persecution. Who acts: caves. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 7

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Some have supposed these secret caves and vaults to have been places of concealment of the inhabitants and their treasure, during times of war and violence; or rude temples for the performance of religious ceremonies in times of persecution.

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**Who acts:** caves · **What happens:** suppose, be, treasure, perform · **To what, where:** Some, places, religious ceremonies

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (caves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:21:7
# text = Some have supposed these secret caves and vaults to have been places of concealment of the inhabitants and their treasure, during times of war and violence; or rude temples for the performance of religious ceremonies in times of persecution.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	supposed	suppose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
5	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	vaults	vault	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
10	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	cop	_	_
12	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	xcomp	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	concealment	concealment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	during	during	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	temples	temple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
32	for	for	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	performance	performance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	religious	religious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	ceremonies	ceremony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nmod	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	persecution	persecution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suppose** | present · perfect · passive |  | Some |  |  |  | this secret caves and vaults *obj*; rude temples for the performance of religious ceremonies in times of persecution *conj* | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme cave=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive · perfect |  | places |  |  |  | of concealment; of the inhabitants and caves's treasure and times of war and violence | tree rules |
| 3 | **treasure** |  | caves *= cave* |  |  |  |  |  | nom treasure «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **perform** |  |  | religious ceremonies in times of persecution |  |  |  |  | nom performance «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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