---
title: In these caves, say they, were taught the diabolical mysteries of ma… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: In these caves, say they, were taught the diabolical mysteries of magic; and here were performed those infernal ceremonies and incantations, horrible in the eyes of God and man. Who acts: you. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules., with its depe
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 9

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In these caves, say they, were taught the diabolical mysteries of magic; and here were performed those infernal ceremonies and incantations, horrible in the eyes of God and man.

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** say, teach, perform · **To what, where:** caves, infernal ceremonies · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:21:9
# text = In these caves, say they, were taught the diabolical mysteries of magic; and here were performed those infernal ceremonies and incantations, horrible in the eyes of God and man.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	diabolical	diabolical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	mysteries	mystery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
20	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	22	det	_	_
21	infernal	infernal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	ceremonies	ceremony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	incantations	incantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	horrible	horrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | this caves |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **teach** *speech: other* | past · passive |  | caves *= cave* |  |  |  | the diabolical mysteries of magic *obj* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient mystery=Topic |
| 3 | **perform** | past · passive | you *not said here* | that infernal ceremonies and incantations |  | here |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: ceremony=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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