---
title: No spoil was permitted to be made excepting in fields of battle, in… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: No spoil was permitted to be made excepting in fields of battle, in camps of routed foes, or in cities taken by the sword. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter I., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter I., sentence 11

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No spoil was permitted to be made excepting in fields of battle, in camps of routed foes, or in cities taken by the sword.

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**What happens:** permit, make, except, rout, take · **To what, where:** spoil, cities, fields

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:22:11
# text = No spoil was permitted to be made excepting in fields of battle, in camps of routed foes, or in cities taken by the sword.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	spoil	spoil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	permitted	permit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
8	excepting	except	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	camps	camp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	routed	rout	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
23	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **permit** | past · passive |  | no spoil |  | cities |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **except** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  | fields of battle |  | in camps of routed foes | tree rules |
| 4 | **rout** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **take** | participle |  | cities *not said here* |  |  |  | by the sword | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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