---
title: His gaunt and sinewy form, his fiery eye, his visage seamed with sca… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: His gaunt and sinewy form, his fiery eye, his visage seamed with scars, were suited to the hardihood of his deeds; and when mounted on his foaming steed, careering the field of battle with quivering lance or flashing scimitar, his Arabs would greet him with shouts of enthusiasm. Who acts: Arabs, spo
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter I., sentence 14

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His gaunt and sinewy form, his fiery eye, his visage seamed with scars, were suited to the hardihood of his deeds; and when mounted on his foaming steed, careering the field of battle with quivering lance or flashing scimitar, his Arabs would greet him with shouts of enthusiasm.

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**Who acts:** Arabs, spoil · **What happens:** seam, suit, mount, career, quiver, flash · **To what, where:** visage, gaunt form, foaming steed, field, lance, scimitar

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arabs, spoil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:22:14
# text = His gaunt and sinewy form, his fiery eye, his visage seamed with scars, were suited to the hardihood of his deeds; and when mounted on his foaming steed, careering the field of battle with quivering lance or flashing scimitar, his Arabs would greet him with shouts of enthusiasm.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
2	gaunt	gaunt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	sinewy	sinewy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	fiery	fiery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	visage	visage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
13	seamed	seam	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	scars	scar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	suited	suit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	hardihood	hardihood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	deeds	deed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	28	advmod	_	_
28	mounted	mount	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
29	on	on	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
31	foaming	foaming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	steed	steed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	careering	career	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	28	advcl	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
39	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
40	quivering	quiver	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	34	advcl	_	_
41	lance	lance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	_
42	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	flashing	flash	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	40	conj	_	_
44	scimitar	scimitar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
46	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	49	nsubj	_	_
48	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	49	aux	_	_
49	greet	greet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	parataxis	_	_
50	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	49	obj	_	_
51	with	with	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	shouts	shout	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	49	parataxis	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	enthusiasm	enthusiasm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seam** | participle |  | spoil's visage *not said here* |  |  |  | with scars | tree rules |
| 2 | **suit** | past · passive |  | spoil's gaunt form and spoil's visage |  |  |  | to the hardihood of spoil's deeds | tree rules |
| 3 | **mount** | participle |  |  |  | spoil's foaming steed |  |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on steed=Destination |
| 4 | **career** | gerund |  | the field of battle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **quiver** | gerund |  | lance |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location lance=Theme |
| 6 | **flash** | gerund |  | scimitar |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent scimitar=Theme |
| 7 | **greet** *speech: greet* | would | spoil's Arabs |  | spoil |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 8 | **shout** *speech: express* | present |  |  |  |  |  | of enthusiasm | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **form** |  | spoil |  |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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