---
title: The whole country fled before them; villages and hamlets were hastil… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The whole country fled before them; villages and hamlets were hastily abandoned; the inhabitants placed their aged and infirm, their wives and children, and their most precious effects, on mules and other beasts of burden, and, driving before them their flocks and herds, made for distant parts of th
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter I., sentence 3

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The whole country fled before them; villages and hamlets were hastily abandoned; the inhabitants placed their aged and infirm, their wives and children, and their most precious effects, on mules and other beasts of burden, and, driving before them their flocks and herds, made for distant parts of the land; for the fastnesses of the mountains, and for such of the cities as yet possessed walls and bulwarks.

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**Who acts:** inhabitants, inroads · **What happens:** flee, abandon, place, drive, make, possess · **To what, where:** whole country, wives, flocks

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (inhabitants, inroads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:22:3
# text = The whole country fled before them; villages and hamlets were hastily abandoned; the inhabitants placed their aged and infirm, their wives and children, and their most precious effects, on mules and other beasts of burden, and, driving before them their flocks and herds, made for distant parts of the land; for the fastnesses of the mountains, and for such of the cities as yet possessed walls and bulwarks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	fled	flee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hamlets	hamlet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
12	hastily	hastily	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	abandoned	abandon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	placed	place	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	aged	aged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	advcl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	infirm	infirm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	wives	wife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
30	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	31	advmod	_	_
31	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	on	on	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	mules	mule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	conj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	burden	burden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
44	driving	drive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	52	advcl	_	_
45	before	before	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	obl	_	_
47	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	48	nmod:poss	_	_
48	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	nsubj:pass	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
52	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
53	for	for	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
55	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	obl	_	_
56	of	of	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	62	punct	_	_
60	for	for	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
61	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
62	fastnesses	fastness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
63	of	of	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
64	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	65	det	_	_
65	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	62	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	72	punct	_	_
67	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	72	cc	_	_
68	for	for	ADP	IN	_	72	case	_	_
69	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	72	amod	_	_
70	of	of	ADP	IN	_	72	case	_	_
71	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	72	det	_	_
72	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	62	conj	_	_
73	as	as	ADP	IN	_	76	case	_	_
74	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	75	advmod	_	_
75	possessed	possess	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	76	amod	_	_
76	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
77	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	78	cc	_	_
78	bulwarks	bulwark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	76	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
79	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flee** | participle |  | the whole country *not said here* |  |  | before inroads *= inroad* |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **abandon** | past · passive |  | the whole country |  |  |  | for the fastnesses of the mountains and the such cities; as possessed walls and bulwarks; villages and hamlets *nsubj:pass*; hastily *property* | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: subject=Source |
| 3 | **place** | past | the inhabitants | inroads's wives and children |  |  |  | on mules and other beasts of burden; inroads's precious effects *obl* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on mule=Destination |
| 4 | **drive** | gerund |  |  |  |  | before inroads *= inroad* |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **make** | participle · passive |  | inroads's flocks and herds |  |  |  | for distant parts of the land | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for part=Asset |
| 6 | **possess** | participle |  |  |  |  | yet |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 7 | **effect** |  | inroads *= inroad* |  |  |  |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [Chapter I.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/22/)