--- title: The Arab warriors broke forth with loud murmurs at these words: “Wha… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics description: The Arab warriors broke forth with loud murmurs at these words: “What need have we of aid,” cried they, “when the whole country is flying before us; and what better commander can we have than Taric to lead us on to victory?” Who acts: Arab warriors, whole country, better commander. A sentence of «Le --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/22/32/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [Chapter I.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/22/) / 32 # Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter I., sentence 32 The Arab warriors broke forth with loud murmurs at these words: “What need have we of aid,” cried they, “when the whole country is flying before us; and what better commander can we have than Taric to lead us on to victory?” **Who acts:** Arab warriors, whole country, better commander · **What happens:** break, need, cry, fly, have, lead on · **To what, where:** words, us, victory · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arab warriors, whole country, better commander), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg77685:22:32 # text = The Arab warriors broke forth with loud murmurs at these words: “What need have we of aid,” cried they, “when the whole country is flying before us; and what better commander can we have than Taric to lead us on to victory?” 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Arab Arab ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 warriors warrior NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 broke break VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 forth forth ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 murmurs murmur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 9 at at ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 11 det _ _ 11 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 : : PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 13 “ " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 14 What what DET WDT PronType=Int 15 nsubj _ _ 15 need need VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 16 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 17 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 aid aid NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 21 ” " PUNCT '' _ 19 punct _ _ 22 cried cry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 25 “ " PUNCT `` _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 26 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 31 advmod _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 30 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 flying fly VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 advcl _ _ 32 before before ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 34 ; ; PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 36 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 41 obj _ _ 37 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 38 amod _ _ 38 commander commander NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 39 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 40 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 41 have have VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 42 than than ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 Taric Taric PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 44 to to PART TO _ 45 mark _ _ 45 lead lead VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 41 xcomp _ _ 46 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 45 obj _ _ 47 on on ADP RP _ 45 compound:prt _ _ 48 to to ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 victory victory NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 50 ? ? PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 51 ” " PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **break** | past | the Arab warriors | | | this words | | with loud murmurs; forth *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **need** *in a quote* | present | | | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot | | 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | | | | | | of aid; we *nsubj*; warriors *= warrior* *nsubj* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **fly** *in a quote* | present · progressive | the whole country | | | | before us | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before we=Location | | 5 | **have** *in a quote* | can | better commander | | | | | than Taric; what *obj*; we *nsubj* | tree rules | | 6 | **lead on** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | better commander *not said here* | us | | victory | | | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent we=Theme to victory=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/22/31/) - next →: [sentence 33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/22/33/) - ↑ back to [Chapter I.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/22/)