---
title: Many gave out, faint and weary, by the way, and fell into the hands… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Many gave out, faint and weary, by the way, and fell into the hands of the enemy; others, at the distant sight of a turban or a Moslem standard, or on hearing the clangour of a trumpet, abandoned their flocks and herds, and hastened their flight with their families. Who acts: Many, others. A sentenc
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter I., sentence 4

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Many gave out, faint and weary, by the way, and fell into the hands of the enemy; others, at the distant sight of a turban or a Moslem standard, or on hearing the clangour of a trumpet, abandoned their flocks and herds, and hastened their flight with their families.

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**Who acts:** Many, others · **What happens:** give out, fall, hear, abandon, hasten, sight · **To what, where:** hands, clangour, flocks, flight, turban, trumpet

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:22:4
# text = Many gave out, faint and weary, by the way, and fell into the hands of the enemy; others, at the distant sight of a turban or a Moslem standard, or on hearing the clangour of a trumpet, abandoned their flocks and herds, and hastened their flight with their families.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	weary	weary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
22	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	at	at	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	turban	turban	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	Moslem	Moslem	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	standard	standard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
36	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
37	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
38	hearing	hear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	45	advcl	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	clangour	clangour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	trumpet	trumpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
45	abandoned	abandon	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
46	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	obj	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
52	hastened	hasten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	conj	_	_
53	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	54	nmod:poss	_	_
54	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	obj	_	_
55	with	with	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	57	nmod:poss	_	_
57	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give out** | past | Many |  |  |  |  | by the way | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **fall** | past | Many *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into the hands of the enemy *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into hand=Result |
| 3 | **hear** | gerund | others at the distant sight of a turban or a Moslem standard *not said here* | the clangour of a trumpet |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer clangour=Stimulus |
| 4 | **abandon** | past | others at the distant sight of a turban or a Moslem standard | others's flocks and herds |  |  |  |  | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme flock=Source |
| 5 | **hasten** | past | others at the distant sight of a turban or a Moslem standard *not said here* | flocks's flight |  |  |  | with flocks's families | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent flight=Patient with family=Instrument |
| 6 | **sight** |  |  | a turban or a Moslem standard |  |  |  |  | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 7 | **clangour** |  |  | a trumpet |  |  |  |  | nom clangour «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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