---
title: They were forbidden also to encumber themselves with booty, or even… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: They were forbidden also to encumber themselves with booty, or even with provisions; but were to scour the country with all speed, and seize upon all its fortresses and strongholds. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter I., with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter I., sentence 45

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They were forbidden also to encumber themselves with booty, or even with provisions; but were to scour the country with all speed, and seize upon all its fortresses and strongholds.

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**What happens:** forbid, encumber, scour, seize · **To what, where:** orders, country

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:22:45
# text = They were forbidden also to encumber themselves with booty, or even with provisions; but were to scour the country with all speed, and seize upon all its fortresses and strongholds.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	forbidden	forbid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	encumber	encumber	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	booty	booty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	even	even	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	provisions	provision	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	scour	scour	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	24	det	_	_
24	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	seize	seize	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
28	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	31	det:predet	_	_
30	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	fortresses	fortress	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	strongholds	stronghold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forbid** | past · passive |  | orders *= order* |  |  |  | with provisions | tree rules |
| 2 | **encumber** | to-infinitive |  | orders *= order* |  |  |  | with booty | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent themselves=Recipient with booty=Theme |
| 3 | **scour** | past |  | the country |  |  |  | with all speed | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent country=Source |
| 4 | **seize** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | upon speed's fortresses and strongholds | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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