---
title: The Arabs, however, were not guilty of wanton cruelty or ravage; on… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The Arabs, however, were not guilty of wanton cruelty or ravage; on the contrary, they conducted themselves with a moderation but seldom witnessed in more civilised conquerors. Who acts: Arabs. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter I., with its dependency tre
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter I., sentence 7

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The Arabs, however, were not guilty of wanton cruelty or ravage; on the contrary, they conducted themselves with a moderation but seldom witnessed in more civilised conquerors.

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**Who acts:** Arabs · **What happens:** not be, conduct, witness, civilise · **To what, where:** Arabs, contrary, more civilised conquerors

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arabs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:22:7
# text = The Arabs, however, were not guilty of wanton cruelty or ravage; on the contrary, they conducted themselves with a moderation but seldom witnessed in more civilised conquerors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	however	however	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	wanton	wanton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	cruelty	cruelty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	ravage	ravage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	contrary	contrary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	conducted	conduct	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
21	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	20	obj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	moderation	moderation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	seldom	seldom	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	witnessed	witness	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	31	amod	_	_
30	civilised	civilise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	amod	_	_
31	conquerors	conqueror	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | the Arabs |  |  |  |  | of wanton cruelty or ravage; guilty, however *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **conduct** | past | Arabs *= arab* | Arabs *= arab* |  | the contrary |  | with a moderation | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme on contrary=Destination |
| 3 | **witness** | participle | Arabs *= arab* *not said here* |  |  | more civilised conquerors |  | seldom *property* | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **civilise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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