---
title: The flower of its youth had perished in the battle of the Guadalete;… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The flower of its youth had perished in the battle of the Guadalete; many of the principal inhabitants had fled to the mountains, and few remained in the city excepting old men, women, and children, and a number of Jews, which last were well disposed to take part with the conquerors. Who acts: many,
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 11

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The flower of its youth had perished in the battle of the Guadalete; many of the principal inhabitants had fled to the mountains, and few remained in the city excepting old men, women, and children, and a number of Jews, which last were well disposed to take part with the conquerors.

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**Who acts:** many, number · **What happens:** perish, flee, remain, except, last, dispose · **To what, where:** flower, battle, children, mountains, city, old men

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many, number), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:23:11
# text = The flower of its youth had perished in the battle of the Guadalete; many of the principal inhabitants had fled to the mountains, and few remained in the city excepting old men, women, and children, and a number of Jews, which last were well disposed to take part with the conquerors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	youth	youth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	perished	perish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Guadalete	guadalete	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	fled	flee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	remained	remain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	conj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
32	excepting	except	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	28	advcl	_	_
33	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	parataxis	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	43	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	48	nsubj	_	_
48	last	last	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	parataxis	_	_
49	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	51	aux:pass	_	_
50	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	51	advmod	_	_
51	disposed	dispose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
52	to	to	PART	TO	_	53	mark	_	_
53	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	51	xcomp	_	_
54	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obj	_	_
55	with	with	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	conquerors	conqueror	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** | past · perfect · passive |  | the flower of flower's youth |  | the battle of the Guadalete |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **flee** | past · perfect | many of the principal inhabitants | children |  | the mountains |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to mountain=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **remain** | participle | many of the principal inhabitants *not said here* |  |  | the city |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location |
| 4 | **except** | gerund | many of the principal inhabitants *not said here* | old men and women |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **last** | present | a number of Jews |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **dispose** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  | a number of Jews *parataxis*; well *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | part |  |  |  | with the conquerors | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme |
| 8 | **battle** |  |  | the Guadalete |  |  |  |  | nom battle «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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