---
title: In their bosoms, shut up among cliffs and precipices, were many smal… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: In their bosoms, shut up among cliffs and precipices, were many small valleys of great beauty and abundance. Who acts: mountains. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 20

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In their bosoms, shut up among cliffs and precipices, were many small valleys of great beauty and abundance.

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**Who acts:** mountains · **What happens:** shut up, be, bosom · **To what, where:** bosoms, many small valleys

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:23:20
# text = In their bosoms, shut up among cliffs and precipices, were many small valleys of great beauty and abundance.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	bosoms	bosom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	shut	shut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	among	among	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	precipices	precipice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shut up** | participle |  | mountains's bosoms *not said here* |  |  |  | among cliffs and precipices | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | many small valleys |  | mountains's bosoms |  | of great beauty and abundance | tree rules |
| 3 | **bosom** |  | mountains *= mountain* |  |  |  |  |  | nom bosom «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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