---
title: The inhabitants were a bold and hardy race, who looked upon their mo… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The inhabitants were a bold and hardy race, who looked upon their mountains as everlasting fortresses that could never be taken. Who acts: inhabitants, bold race. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., with 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 21

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The inhabitants were a bold and hardy race, who looked upon their mountains as everlasting fortresses that could never be taken.

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**Who acts:** inhabitants, bold race · **What happens:** be, look, not take · **To what, where:** bold race, everlasting fortresses

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (inhabitants, bold race), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:23:21
# text = The inhabitants were a bold and hardy race, who looked upon their mountains as everlasting fortresses that could never be taken.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hardy	hardy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	everlasting	everlasting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	fortresses	fortress	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
20	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the inhabitants | a bold race |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | past | a bold race |  |  |  |  | upon inhabitants's mountains; as everlasting fortresses | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon mountain=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **take** | could · passive |  | everlasting fortresses |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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