---
title: At their feet were little valleys enamelled with groves and gardens,… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: At their feet were little valleys enamelled with groves and gardens, interlaced with silver streams, and studded with villages and hamlets; but all deserted by their inhabitants. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra M
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 28

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At their feet were little valleys enamelled with groves and gardens, interlaced with silver streams, and studded with villages and hamlets; but all deserted by their inhabitants.

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**What happens:** be, enamell, interlace, stud, desert · **To what, where:** little valleys, feet, groves

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:23:28
# text = At their feet were little valleys enamelled with groves and gardens, interlaced with silver streams, and studded with villages and hamlets; but all deserted by their inhabitants.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	enamelled	enamell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	groves	grove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:agent	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	gardens	garden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	interlaced	interlace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	studded	stud	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	hamlets	hamlet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	all	all	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	deserted	desert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | little valleys |  | mountains's feet |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **enamell** | participle |  | little valleys *not said here* |  |  |  | groves and gardens *obl:agent* | tree rules |
| 3 | **interlace** | participle |  | groves and gardens *not said here* |  |  |  | with silver streams | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Patient with stream=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **stud** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with villages and hamlets | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with village=Theme |
| 5 | **desert** | participle |  | little valleys *not said here* |  |  |  | by mountains's inhabitants; all *property* | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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