---
title: At length they came to a defile where the mountains seemed to have b… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: At length they came to a defile where the mountains seemed to have been rent asunder to make way for a foaming torrent. Who acts: valleys, mountains. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., with its dependenc
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 30

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At length they came to a defile where the mountains seemed to have been rent asunder to make way for a foaming torrent.

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**Who acts:** valleys, mountains · **What happens:** come, seem, rend, make · **To what, where:** length, asunder, way

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (valleys, mountains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:23:30
# text = At length they came to a defile where the mountains seemed to have been rent asunder to make way for a foaming torrent.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	defile	defile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux	_	_
14	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	rent	rend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	xcomp	_	_
16	asunder	asunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
19	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	foaming	foaming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	torrent	torrent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | valleys *= valley* |  |  | length |  | to a defile | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to defile=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **seem** | past | the mountains |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 3 | **rend** | to-infinitive · perfect · passive | the mountains *not said here* | asunder |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: asunder=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | the mountains *not said here* | way |  |  |  | for a foaming torrent | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent way=Product for torrent=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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