---
title: The enemy were beyond the reach of missiles, and safe from pursuit;… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The enemy were beyond the reach of missiles, and safe from pursuit; and the horses of the Arabs were here an incumbrance rather than an aid. Who acts: enemy, horses. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., wi
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 38

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The enemy were beyond the reach of missiles, and safe from pursuit; and the horses of the Arabs were here an incumbrance rather than an aid.

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**Who acts:** enemy, horses · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** pursuit, incumbrance

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enemy, horses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:23:38
# text = The enemy were beyond the reach of missiles, and safe from pursuit; and the horses of the Arabs were here an incumbrance rather than an aid.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	reach	reach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	missiles	missile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	pursuit	pursuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
22	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	incumbrance	incumbrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
25	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	28	cc	_	_
26	than	than	ADP	IN	_	25	fixed	_	_
27	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the enemy |  |  |  |  | beyond the reach and a incumbrance rather a aid; of missiles | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the enemy *not said here* |  |  | pursuit |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | past | the horses of the Arabs | a incumbrance rather a aid |  | here |  | a aid *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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