---
title: The trumpets sounded a retreat, and the army retired in tumult and c… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The trumpets sounded a retreat, and the army retired in tumult and confusion, harassed by the enemy until extricated from the defile. Who acts: trumpets, enemy. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., with it
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 39

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The trumpets sounded a retreat, and the army retired in tumult and confusion, harassed by the enemy until extricated from the defile.

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**Who acts:** trumpets, enemy · **What happens:** sound, retire, harass, extricate · **To what, where:** retreat, army, tumult, defile

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trumpets, enemy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:23:39
# text = The trumpets sounded a retreat, and the army retired in tumult and confusion, harassed by the enemy until extricated from the defile.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trumpets	trumpet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sounded	sound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	retreat	retreat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	tumult	tumult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	confusion	confusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	harassed	harass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	extricated	extricate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	advcl	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	defile	defile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | past | the trumpets | a retreat |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location retreat=Theme |
| 2 | **retire** | participle |  | the army *not said here* |  | tumult and confusion |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **harass** | participle · passive | the enemy | the army |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |
| 4 | **extricate** | participle | the enemy *not said here* |  |  | the defile |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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