---
title: Taric, who had beheld cities and castles surrendering without a blow… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Taric, who had beheld cities and castles surrendering without a blow, was enraged at being braved by a mere horde of mountain boors, and made another attempt to penetrate the mountains, but was again waylaid and opposed with horrible slaughter. Who acts: Taric, cities, mere horde. A sentence of «Leg
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 40

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Taric, who had beheld cities and castles surrendering without a blow, was enraged at being braved by a mere horde of mountain boors, and made another attempt to penetrate the mountains, but was again waylaid and opposed with horrible slaughter.

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**Who acts:** Taric, cities, mere horde · **What happens:** behold, surrender, enrage, brave, make, penetrate · **To what, where:** cities, Taric, attempt, mountains

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Taric, cities, mere horde), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:23:40
# text = Taric, who had beheld cities and castles surrendering without a blow, was enraged at being braved by a mere horde of mountain boors, and made another attempt to penetrate the mountains, but was again waylaid and opposed with horrible slaughter.
1	Taric	Taric	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	beheld	behold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	acl:relcl	_	_
6	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	castles	castle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	surrendering	surrender	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	enraged	enrage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	braved	brave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	xcomp	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	mere	mere	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	horde	horde	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	boors	boor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
29	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	30	det	_	_
30	attempt	attempt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	penetrate	penetrate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	acl	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux:pass	_	_
38	again	again	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	waylaid	waylay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	conj	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	opposed	oppose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	39	conj	_	_
42	with	with	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	horrible	horrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	slaughter	slaughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behold** | past · perfect | Taric | cities and castles |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer city=Stimulus |
| 2 | **surrender** | gerund | cities and castles *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without a blow | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **enrage** | past · passive |  | Taric |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **brave** | gerund · passive | a mere horde of mountain boors |  |  |  |  |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **make** | past |  | another attempt |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset attempt=Product |
| 6 | **penetrate** | to-infinitive |  | the mountains |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mountain=Patient |
| 7 | **waylay** | past · passive |  |  |  |  | again |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **oppose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with horrible slaughter | vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient with slaughter=Co-Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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