---
title: The miserable wretch possessed a cabin and a little patch of ground… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The miserable wretch possessed a cabin and a little patch of ground among the mountains, and offered, if these should be protected from ravage, to inform the Arab commander of a way by which troops of horse might be safely introduced into the bosom of the sierra, and the whole subdued. Who acts: mis
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 43

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The miserable wretch possessed a cabin and a little patch of ground among the mountains, and offered, if these should be protected from ravage, to inform the Arab commander of a way by which troops of horse might be safely introduced into the bosom of the sierra, and the whole subdued.

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**Who acts:** miserable wretch, way · **What happens:** possess, offer, protect, inform, introduce, subdue · **To what, where:** cabin, these, Arab commander, troops, bosom, whole

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (miserable wretch, way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:23:43
# text = The miserable wretch possessed a cabin and a little patch of ground among the mountains, and offered, if these should be protected from ravage, to inform the Arab commander of a way by which troops of horse might be safely introduced into the bosom of the sierra, and the whole subdued.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	miserable	miserable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wretch	wretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	possessed	possess	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cabin	cabin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	patch	patch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	among	among	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	offered	offer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	ravage	ravage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	inform	inform	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	Arab	Arab	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	commander	commander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
36	by	by	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	44	obl	_	_
38	troops	troops	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	44	nsubj:pass	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
41	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	44	aux	_	_
42	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	44	aux:pass	_	_
43	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
44	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	acl:relcl	_	_
45	into	into	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	bosom	bosom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obl	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	sierra	sierra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	obl:unmarked	_	_
55	subdued	subdue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | past | the miserable wretch | a cabin and a little patch of ground |  |  |  | among the mountains | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot cabin=Theme |
| 2 | **offer** | participle | the miserable wretch *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **protect** *a condition, not said to happen* | should · passive |  | these |  |  |  | from ravage | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Beneficiary from ravage=Theme |
| 4 | **inform** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  | the Arab commander of a way |  |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent commander=Recipient |
| 5 | **introduce** | might · passive | a way | troops of horse |  | the bosom of the sierra |  | safely *property* | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 6 | **subdue** | participle |  | the whole |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **bosom** |  |  | the sierra |  |  |  |  | nom bosom «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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