---
title: Instructed by this traitor, the Arab commander caused ten thousand f… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Instructed by this traitor, the Arab commander caused ten thousand foot soldiers and four thousand horsemen, commanded by a valiant captain, named Ibrahim Albuxarra, to be conveyed by sea to the little port of Adra, at the Mediterranean foot of the mountains. Who acts: Arab commander, sea. A sentenc
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 46

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Instructed by this traitor, the Arab commander caused ten thousand foot soldiers and four thousand horsemen, commanded by a valiant captain, named Ibrahim Albuxarra, to be conveyed by sea to the little port of Adra, at the Mediterranean foot of the mountains.

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**Who acts:** Arab commander, sea · **What happens:** instruct, cause, command, name, convey · **To what, where:** thousand foot soldiers, valiant captain, little port, Mediterranean foot · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arab commander, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:23:46
# text = Instructed by this traitor, the Arab commander caused ten thousand foot soldiers and four thousand horsemen, commanded by a valiant captain, named Ibrahim Albuxarra, to be conveyed by sea to the little port of Adra, at the Mediterranean foot of the mountains.
1	Instructed	instruct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Arab	Arab	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	commander	commander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	compound	_	_
11	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
12	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	compound	_	_
16	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	commanded	command	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	valiant	valiant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl	_	_
26	Ibrahim	Ibrahim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	xcomp	_	_
27	Albuxarra	Albuxarra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
30	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	conveyed	convey	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	_
32	by	by	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	port	port	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	Adra	Adra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
41	at	at	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
43	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	_
44	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **instruct** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by this traitor | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cause** | past | the Arab commander | thousand foot soldiers and thousand horsemen |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition soldier=Patient |
| 3 | **command** | participle |  | thousand foot soldiers and thousand horsemen *not said here* |  |  |  | by a valiant captain | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: agent=Agent by captain=Eventuality |
| 4 | **name** | participle |  | a valiant captain *not said here* |  |  |  | Ibrahim *xcomp* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **convey** | to-infinitive · passive | sea |  | the little port of Adra | the Mediterranean foot of the mountains |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to port=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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