---
title: The subjugation of this rugged region, however, was for a long time… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The subjugation of this rugged region, however, was for a long time incomplete; many of the Christians maintained a wild and hostile independence, living in green glens and scanty valleys among the heights; and the sierra of the Alpuxarras has, in all ages, been one of the most difficult parts of An
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 58

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The subjugation of this rugged region, however, was for a long time incomplete; many of the Christians maintained a wild and hostile independence, living in green glens and scanty valleys among the heights; and the sierra of the Alpuxarras has, in all ages, been one of the most difficult parts of Andalusia to be subdued.

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**Who acts:** subjugation, sierra · **What happens:** be, maintain, live, have, subdue, subjugate · **To what, where:** wild independence, green glens, ages, one, rugged region

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (subjugation, sierra), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:23:58
# text = The subjugation of this rugged region, however, was for a long time incomplete; many of the Christians maintained a wild and hostile independence, living in green glens and scanty valleys among the heights; and the sierra of the Alpuxarras has, in all ages, been one of the most difficult parts of Andalusia to be subdued.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	subjugation	subjugation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
5	rugged	rugged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	however	however	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
15	incomplete	incomplete	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
17	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	maintained	maintain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
23	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	hostile	hostile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	_
26	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	glens	glen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	scanty	scanty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	_
35	among	among	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	heights	height	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	sierra	sierra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nsubj	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	Alpuxarras	Alpuxarras	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
45	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
47	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	49	det	_	_
49	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
51	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	52	cop	_	_
52	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	49	appos	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
55	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	56	advmod	_	_
56	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
57	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	nmod	_	_
58	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
59	Andalusia	Andalusia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	57	nmod	_	_
60	to	to	PART	TO	_	62	mark	_	_
61	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	62	aux:pass	_	_
62	subdued	subdue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	52	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the subjugation of this rugged region and a long time *not said here* |  |  |  | for a long time | however, incomplete *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **maintain** | past | the subjugation of this rugged region and a long time | a wild independence |  |  |  | the many Christians *nsubj* | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent independence=Theme |
| 3 | **live** | gerund | the subjugation of this rugged region and a long time *not said here* |  |  | green glens among the heights and scanty valleys |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in glen=Location |
| 4 | **have** | present | the sierra of the Alpuxarras | all ages |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Patient |
| 5 | **is a** | participle |  | one |  |  |  | of the difficult parts of Andalusia | tree rules |
| 6 | **subdue** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP» |
| 7 | **subjugate** |  |  | this rugged region |  |  |  |  | nom subjugation «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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