---
title: Hard by stands a fig tree, by the aid of which the wall may easily b… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Hard by stands a fig tree, by the aid of which the wall may easily be scaled.” A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes., sentence 23

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Hard by stands a fig tree, by the aid of which the wall may easily be scaled.”

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**What happens:** stand, scale · **To what, where:** fig tree, wall

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:24:23
# text = Hard by stands a fig tree, by the aid of which the wall may easily be scaled.”
1	Hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	fig	fig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
16	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	scaled	scale	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present |  | a fig tree |  |  |  | by the aid; hard *property* | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tree=Theme by aid=Destination |
| 2 | **scale** | may · passive |  | the wall |  |  |  | of the aid; easily *property* | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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