---
title: The traitors, who had fraudulently entered the city, were ready on t… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The traitors, who had fraudulently entered the city, were ready on the wall to render assistance. Who acts: traitors. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes., with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes., sentence 27

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The traitors, who had fraudulently entered the city, were ready on the wall to render assistance.

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**Who acts:** traitors · **What happens:** enter, be, render · **To what, where:** traitors, wall, assistance

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traitors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:24:27
# text = The traitors, who had fraudulently entered the city, were ready on the wall to render assistance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	traitors	traitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	fraudulently	fraudulently	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	entered	enter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
18	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | past · perfect · passive |  | the traitors |  |  |  | the city *obj*; fraudulently *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the traitors |  |  | the wall |  | ready *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **render** | to-infinitive | the traitors *not said here* | assistance |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assistance=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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