---
title: The alarm had by this time spread throughout the city; but already a… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The alarm had by this time spread throughout the city; but already a torrent of armed men was pouring through the streets. Who acts: alarm, time, torrent. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes., wi
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes., sentence 30

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The alarm had by this time spread throughout the city; but already a torrent of armed men was pouring through the streets.

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**Who acts:** alarm, time, torrent · **What happens:** have, spread, pour · **To what, where:** city, streets

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (alarm, time, torrent), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:24:30
# text = The alarm had by this time spread throughout the city; but already a torrent of armed men was pouring through the streets.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	alarm	alarm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
13	already	already	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	torrent	torrent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	armed	armed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	pouring	pour	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
21	through	through	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the alarm |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | past | this time |  |  | the city |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme throughout city=Location |
| 3 | **pour** | past · progressive | a torrent of armed men |  |  | the streets |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through street=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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